The shrivatsa mark is depicted on his chest in the form of a curl of hair. He is depicted with the Kaustubha gem in a necklace and wearing Vaijayanti, a garland of forest flowers. Rarely, Vishnu is depicted bearing the bow Sharanga or the sword Nandaka. Each of these special forms is given a special name in texts such as the Agni Purana and the Padma Purana. The items he holds in various hands vary, giving rise to twenty four combinations of iconography, each combination representing a special form of Vishnu. In the fourth arm, he holds a lotus flower ( padma) which symbolizes purity and transcendence. One of his arms sometimes carries a gada (club, mace named Kaumodaki) which symbolizes authority and power of knowledge. The conch shell is spiral and symbolizes all of interconnected spiraling cyclic existence, while the discus symbolizes him as that which restores dharma with war if necessary when cosmic equilibrium is overwhelmed by evil. The historic identifiers of his icon include his image holding a conch shell ( shankha named Panchajanya) between the first two fingers of one hand (left back), a chakra – war discus named Sudarshana – in another (right back). He is typically shown with four arms, but two armed representations are also found in Hindu texts on artworks. Vishnu iconography shows him with dark blue, blue-grey or black coloured skin, and as a well-dressed jewelled man. Miniature painting of Vishnu and Lakshmi in the Salar Jung Museum, circa 1810 Other notable names in this list include : Known as the Vishnu Sahasranama, Vishnu here is defined as 'the omnipresent'. The Garuda Purana (chapter XV) and the " Anushasana Parva" of the Mahabharata both list over 1000 names for Vishnu, each name describing a quality, attribute, or aspect of God. These include the ten primary avatars (see Dashavarara, below ) and descriptions of the qualities, attributes, or aspects of God. In the tenth part of the Padma Purana (4-15th century CE), Danta (Son of Bhīma and King of Vidarbha) lists 108 names of Vishnu (17.98–102). Vedanga scholar Yaska (4th century BCE) in the Nirukta defines Vishnu as viṣṇur viṣvater vā vyaśnoter vā ('one who enters everywhere') also adding atha yad viṣito bhavati tad viṣnurbhavati ('that which is free from fetters and bondage is Vishnu'). 1000 CE), 'one who is everything and inside everything'. Vishnu (or Viṣṇu, Sanskrit: विष्णु) means 'all pervasive' and, according to Medhātith ( c. Out of these ten, Rama and Krishna are the most important. The Dashavatara are the ten primary avatars of Vishnu. Whenever the world is threatened with evil, chaos, and destructive forces, Vishnu descends in the form of an avatar (incarnation) to restore the cosmic order, and protect dharma. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient being sleeping on the coils of the serpent Shesha (who represents time) floating in the primeval ocean of milk called Kshira Sagara with his consort, Lakshmi. There are many both benevolent and fearsome depictions of Vishnu. Īccording to Vaishnavism, the supreme being is with qualities ( Saguna), and has definite form, but is limitless, transcendent and unchanging absolute Brahman, and the primal Atman (Self) of the universe. He is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. Tridevi is stated to be the energy and creative power ( Shakti) of each, with Lakshmi being the equal complementary partner of Vishnu. In the Shaktism tradition, the Goddess, or Adi Shakti, is described as the supreme Para Brahman, yet Vishnu is revered along with Shiva and Brahma. In Vaishnavism, Vishnu is the supreme being who creates, protects, and transforms the universe. Vishnu is known as The Preserver within the Trimurti, the triple deity of supreme divinity that includes Brahma and Shiva. He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism. Vishnu ( / ˈ v ɪ ʃ n uː/ VISH-noo Sanskrit: विष्णु, romanized: Viṣṇu, lit.'The Pervader', pronounced ), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. Devasena and Sundaravalli (South Indian traditions).Parvati or Durga (ceremonial sister according to Shaivism) Prabodhini Ekadashi and other Ekadashis.
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